Source localization is a research area within signal processing and sensor networks that focuses on determining the location or the origin of a signal source in a physical environment. This can be achieved by collecting data from multiple sensor nodes and using algorithms to estimate the position of the source based on the received signals. The goal of source localization is to accurately and efficiently determine the location of a signal source, which can have various applications such as surveillance, navigation, environmental monitoring, and industrial automation. Various techniques, such as time-difference of arrival, angle of arrival, and received signal strength, can be used to estimate the source location. Overall, source localization plays a crucial role in various fields where knowing the location of a signal source is important for decision-making and action.